The Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms - 1715 Words

The right to life is considered a fundamental freedom of all citizens in society. For example, in section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the Charter), every Canadian is granted the right to â€Å"life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice† . However, this freedom rests on a delicate balance and has been contested in various situations to determine its scope. Originally, the preservation of life was considered as an absolute necessity and was therefore entrenched in Canadian constitutional law. However, recently this necessity has been questioned for its assumption that all individuals desire to live at all costs. Instead, the Courts have recognized that â€Å"in certain circumstances, an individual s choice about the end of [their] life is entitled to respect† . As such, this paper will examine a legal case that exemplifies the changing societal beli efs, and will analyze the specifics of the law, paying close attention to the nature of the legal conflict, policy implications, and its contribution to the understanding of Canadian law. In the landmark case of dealing with assisted suicide in Canada, Carter v. Canada (Attorney General) , the Supreme Court of Canada (hereafter SCC) revisited the issue of assisted suicide and confirmed that Canadians have the constitutional right to choose physician-assisted suicide in certain situations. This case involves severalShow MoreRelatedThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1617 Words   |  7 Pages Since its inception in 1982 the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, very much like its primary architect Pierre Trudeau, has been one of the most celebrated yet controversial elements of Canadian politics and governance. Revealing how this dynamic emerged requires a nuanced understanding of the motivation behind the Charter and the techniques it employed to succeed. The Canadi an Charter of Rights and Freedoms, like the entire patriation process, was motivated by and mobilized support throughRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1613 Words   |  7 Pages The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms simply referred to as the â€Å"Charter†, is a significant document in regards to the Canadian constitution. Its primary aim is to uphold individual rights and freedoms and promote equality in administering justice. However, its passage in 1982 has led to increased controversies given that the Charter gives courts more power in interpreting its provisions while sidelining the legislature (Boyd 118). This means that the advent of this Charter was the end ofRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is an important milestone in Canadian history. An effort through rigorous debate and compromise gave birth to this document that defines our collective values and principles by guaranteeing and protecting the fundamental rights of its citizens. Prior to the Charter, there was no gurantee in Canada that rights and freedoms would not be taken away by legislation. T he Charter also allows courts to render the constitutional duty so that any decisions made areRead MoreCanadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects the rights of Canadian citizens and provides them with assurance that all Canadians will be treated equally under the law. The Charter claims to guarantee rights and freedoms, fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, mobility rights, equality rights, language rights, legal rights, and enforcement rights, and Aboriginal rights. Although the Charter claims to guarantee the rights and freedoms of Canadian citizens, the government is still able toRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was established in 1982 and was put into place by the Trudeau government. The purpose of the Charter was to protect the rights of Canadian individuals and to establish independence from Britain. However, o ne section of the charter sparked much controversy, this was section 33, also known as The Notwithstanding Clause. The purpose of this clause was to allow the state to override a right protected by the charter, for various reasons. These reasons includeRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1531 Words   |  7 PagesBasing the Basics on a Belief in Something Bigger The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, implemented in 1982 outlines the rights and freedoms that Canadians have as citizens of this country. In this paper I will ask whether we need such a charter, whether we can trust the interpretation of the Charter by the Supreme Court and how the Charter balances power in a democratic way. I will then contemplate the foundational place morality holds in the lawmaking process. In all of this I argue thatRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1386 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciple by entitling an accused of even the most heinous crimes to civil liberties and processes as not to compromise the criminal trial process. A fair trial is an intrinsic right of all members of society making it fundamental to our being, and is ergo ensured to us all under s.11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights Freedoms. Provided with other preemptive measures to guarantee justice is achieved in the criminal trial proceedings. Additionally, the courts help facilitate an understanding of theRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Right And Freedom1225 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal and family justice system has become very complicated, slow and extremely expensive for majority of Canadians. These issues are particularly glaring to low income earners, people with disabilities and other minorities. Canadian justice system have become incapable of providing solutions that can addressing problems brought to it. With the creation of the Canadian charter of right and freedom, access to justice became more of an equality issue. It moved from simply being the capacity to litigateRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms(CCORAF) Guarantees a Free and Democratic Society The Charter of Rights and Freedoms upholds the individual rights of all Canadians. Agree or disagree with the following statement. The Charter is part of Canada’s constitution; the highest law of Canada, which sets out the framework for how Canada is to be governed. The CCORAF sets out those rights and freedoms that Canadians feel are necessary to maintain Canada as a free and democratic community. The CharterRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms883 Words   |  4 PagesRainbow Nation of South Africa in 1994, the first democratically elected government was tasked with drawing up a new constitution that would properly enshrine the human rights that had so long been denied the majority of citizens. One source drawn upon in developing the new constitution was the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, itself then little more than a decade old. It is not necessary to be a constitutional scholar to detect many similarities between the two; indeed, Canada’s pride in this

Climate Change free essay sample

Over the past decade, human activity has started to cause an increased rate of negative change to our climate. Although climate change is a worldwide problem no one will feel the impact as harshly as third world countries such many parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. These countries are estimated to be hit the hardest by climate change even though they did the least to cause it. Developing countries have been struggling over the past few years on their own, and now with the effects of climate change increasing those countries are starting to run into serious problems. Every year, natural disasters result in 60,000 deaths, mainly in developing countries (World). These problems are only predicted to become worst over the next decade. These issues will undo some of their previous developmental progress and cripple their ability to further develop. Other issues include the loss of large amounts of cash crops, increase of disease spread, and rising water scarcity which will also cause an extreme decline in third world economies and future development. The changing climate on Earth will have a devastating impact on less developed countries because of a lack of food production, physical destruction and health problems, and damage to the economy. One major issue for of developing countries that will be tremendously impacted is food production. Most production of food in third world countries is rain fed agriculture (Impact). Which means that farmers rely heavily on rain to water the crops because of an industrial the lack of water supply in these countries. The new climate is predicted to be hotter than it has ever been while crops in these regions will only grow at the temperatures that are present today. The increase in global temperature will make it extremely difficult for farmers to grow crops to feed their family and serve as their primary source of income. People in these countries will experience diminishing food availability occurring at increasing rates with the changing climate. â€Å"Food availability in these region will average 500 calories less per person in 2050, a 21 percent decline.( Impact)† This lowered calorie count per person will cause a rapidly rising number of malnourished people in these countries. Which will lead to a lowered life expectancy and lower population count. Another huge part of developing countries’ food supply is animals. Climate change will play a major role in animal health. The increasing number of droughts, flooding, and loss of arable land will impact animal health severely. Ani mals will have no water or food to eat causing large amounts of animal deaths. The people in these countries will lose a large source of calories if animal deaths rise. Also, fisheries are a big part in food supply which will also start to encounter the problems of climate change. The new climate is causing damage to the coral reef systems because of the stronger storms and the rising sea levels, which effects the fish populations in those areas (Desanker). With lower amounts of fish, these fisheries will be producing less amounts of food for third world countries. Also the increasing water temperatures, due to the rising atmospheric temperatures are causing fish to move to colder water were fishermen are not able to fish. Lastly, climate change is creating an increase in desertification. This will create huge problems for the people in those regions which is mostly developing countries. Some effects of increasing desertification are a lack of vegetation, loss of farmable land, and poor water quality. All of which will contribute to an increase in famine (World Bank). The final problem of climate change that will effect food supply is water shortages. Water has been in short supply in developing countries over the past decade before climate change and now water availability is expected to decrease at rapid rates bringing forth major problems for these countries. Some of the major sources of water for the rivers and other reservoirs in developing nations come from snow and glaciers on the top of mountains (Desanker). These reservoirs are estimated to run out of water in the near future, and during the warmer weather rivers are beginning to dry out because of this loss of frozen water. In third world countries the ratio of water consumption to daily requirements is predicted to become worse. This means people will be drinking less water than is required for humans to be healthy, again leading to serious health problems for the population of these countries. In Africa, it is projected that 460 million people will be under water stress having only 1000m3 of water per person per year due to the effects of climate change (African). Lastly, with increase in the amount of flooding, which will contaminate water supplies, and changing rainfall patterns, fresh water supplies are projected to significantly decrease. The second major problem that climate change will bring to developing countries is physical destruction and health problems. Natural disasters are going to become a large problem for developing nations for multiple reasons. First of all, these disasters are projected to increase in strength and frequency. Natural disasters cause over 60,000 deaths in third world counties, and that is before the effects of climate change (World). This massive loss of people will grow rapidly putting a huge dent in these countries’ population. Also the increase in disasters is causing massive crop loss due to flooding and bad storms. Flooding is the biggest concern in third world countries because it creates higher risks of water-borne diseases and causes large amounts of destruction to land and crops (World). The reason developing countries are at such a higher risk of these disasters is because they have little money and resources to rebuild after the devastating effects of disasters. Additionally some countries are still paying off debt from previous disasters so they have little to no money for the increasing rate of the upcoming disasters. Another huge health concern with climate change is the rising global temperature changes. These changes are creating difficulties for the old, sick, and those with asthma (Kasotia). Since most developing countries are located in hotter, more tropical regions, the projected rise in the average temperature by a few degrees will create more ozone in the atmosphere. Elevated ozone can damage people’s lungs, and individuals with asthma will have greater difficulties doing any physical activities (Kasotia). These rising temperatures also are creating a problem for farmers trying to grow cash crops, which are used to support the farmers’ family. This is an extreme concern in these countries because of limited material and monetary resources necessary to protect themselves through the installation of cooling systems in buildings and homes. The rate of disease spread will rapidly be magnified by the effects of climate change over time. Even little changes to the temperature or rain fall will cause a rapid increase in the amount of disease-carrying mosquitoes, which will lead to massive malaria epidemics (World). People in developing countries will be discouraged from leaving their homes because of the risk of getting sick, because it is extremely expensive to get medication for illnesses. Today, one million people die a year from malaria, mainly kids under the age of five in Africa (World). Also people with heart problems will be at high risk with the increasing temperature and diseases because of the increase of stress on their body. The population of third world countries are also vulnerable because they are not able to receive any aid from their own government or from other countries because it is much too expensive to deliver the medication they need. This issue of widespread disease is a rapidly growing concern of third world countries and there is no easy solution without the help of other First World countries. The economy in the developing world has been struggling over the past decade trying to regain a foothold, but with climate change on the horizon all their recent development is about to be all for nothing. Climate change is projected to largely impact the economy of third world countries because of its already weakened condition and because it is mostly based on agriculture. Agriculture accounts for a large part of GDP, export earnings, and employment in these countries (Impact). To lose the ability to grow the crops on which they depend will be devastating to these countries and cause a further plummet into debt. Cash crops are an extremely important part of the economy in these countries. The changing climate is predicted to shorten the lengths of growing seasons (McGuigan). Which will have major impacts on the amount of crops farmers can produce, effecting the amount of money the country can make. So, with the increased flooding and shortened growing season, farmers will have a difficult time keeping crops alive long enough to harvest and sell. This type of agriculture supports three-quarters of Africa’s population (Besada). Climate change is predicted to severely cripple third world countries’ development by hurting their population and work force. Due to effects of climate change, it will be hard for people to stay well without proper medication, which they can’t afford. The lack of safe water in these areas increases the risk of disease which causes 2. 2 million deaths ever year (World). That alone starts to have some major impacts on the amount of workers these countries have available and how well the workers that they do have will work. Also, with most of these countries employment being in agriculture, many will lose their jobs due to the difficulties in growing crops in the new climate that is coming. This problem of a lack of workers really cripples their ability to even try to regain an economy and continue their development. Lastly, natural disasters, which are predicted to worsen with the upcoming changes in the global climate, will likely cause a rise in the 60,000 people dying a year from disasters (World). Without aid from First World countries these numbers will only continue to grow. Lastly, the large cost for all the physical property damages that are predicted to come with climate change will again put these vulnerable countries farther into debt with little means of escape. â€Å"Natural disasters caused damage representing between 2 and 15 percent of an exposed county’s annual GDP† (World Bank). This increasing cost will become a huge problem for these countries. The largest cost they are going to have to deal with is all the damaged crops from flooding and other disasters. Since most of these third world countries rely heavily on their crops to make money, and they spend most of their money on their crops, losing them will result in a massive amount of money that was wasted on destroyed crops. Also, the loss of their livestock due to the increase in heat, droughts, and flooding is another large negative economic impact for the population of developing countries. For some people in these countries their animals are the only thing they own. If they lose them because of climate change then they will have nothing left to support themselves or their family. Livestock losses have put about 11 million people dependent on their livestock into a crisis not knowing how they can survive (Besada). Climate change is becoming a huge issue worldwide, but developing countries are the most vulnerable of all. Due to the limited supply of the resources and money required to adapt to and survive through the coming changes. Additionally continuing low levels of food availability for the people indeveloping countries is putting third world countries in an extremely bad position to deal with climate change. Many third world countries will simply not be able to reasonably survive through the new climate without the aid of wealthy countries. However, most countries in need cannot support the large debt that would be included in order to survive. Third world countrie s are the most vulnerable to the devastating impacts of climate change because of their lack of food production, the extreme physical and property damages, increased health problems, and their crippled economies.